Contrary to popular belief, small and large carnivores can adapt to living in proximity to humans. Survival is not dependent upon wilderness.
However, wolves and bears do require freedom from human persecution, and in highly developed and populated regions, they benefit from protected travel corridors.

But there is a real wild country in Romania in Europe still, the old territory of Hungary, where wolf and brown bear populations have been thriving over many centuries.
Transylvania.
Thousands of large carnivores are roaming in those ancient forests, but the human needs, new rules and regulations set by the EU, and population growth have been threatening that treasure of wilderness in one of the last oasis of Europe.

Non-lethal methods have been used constantly in all regions, and generations grew up in the Livestock breeders and Shepard’s lifestyle. Growing up in Hungary, and with family members, friends in Transylvania, I have learned the history and the use of traditional non-lethal methods of preventing conflict with large carnivores – things like the real use of Livestock Guardian dogs and shepherds to protect livestock.
I have been using these methods myself, but this is a learning forever lifestyle, as every circumstances and stories are different, every animal, human are individual beings.

I will discuss these methods in my presentation, by using my and some local Shepard friends’ observations, data, and experiences from these regions. All these are very exciting but important to share, before this lifestyle disappears. The need to educate the future generation is critical, that it is possible. It has been done over many centuries successfully, and it can be done in our running World. We just need to learn to -re-learn, try to adapt into our own mindset.